List of Important Abbreviations
List of Important Abbreviations
ভূগোলিকা-Bhugolika-এর ‘পরীক্ষা প্রস্তুতি’ বিভাগে আপনাকে স্বাগত জানাই। ‘পরীক্ষা প্রস্তুতি’ বিভাগের উদ্দেশ্য হল বিভিন্ন প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষা (Competitive Exams)-তে শিক্ষার্থী ও পরীক্ষার্থীদের প্রস্তুতিতে সাহায্য করা। ‘পরীক্ষা প্রস্তুতি’ -এর MISCELLANEOUS বিভাগে সকল প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষার ক্ষেত্রে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয়গুলি আলোচনা করা হয়। প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষাতে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হল: List of Important Abbreviations । এই পোস্টের মাধ্যমে আপনি ইংরেজি শব্দসংক্ষেপের পূর্ণরূপের এক বিস্তারিত তালিকা লাভ করবেন।
List of Important Abbreviations
A
AAI : Airports Authority of India
AAP : Aam Aadmi Party
ABC : American Broadcasting Company
ABP : Ananda Bazar Patrika
AB-PM-JAY : Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri-Jan Arogya Yojana
ABSS : Amrit Bharat Station Scheme
ABVP : Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad
ACTH : Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
AD : Anno Domini
ADB : Asian Development Bank
ADIDAS : All Day I Dream About Sports
ADM : Additional District Magistrate
AFI : Athletics Federation of India
AFO : Agriculture Field Officer
AFP : Agence France-Presse
AGN : Active Galactic Nucleus
AGP : Asom Gana Parishad
AI : Artificial Intelligence
AIADMK : All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIFB : All India Forward Bloc
AIFF : All India Football Federation
AllMS : All India Institute of Medical Sciences
AIR : All India Radio
AITA : All India Tennis Association
AITC : All India Trinamool Congress
AITUC : All India Trade Union Congress
AJSU : All Jharkhand Students Union
AM : Ante Meridiem
AMRI : Advanced Medical Research Institute
AMRUT : Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
AMUL : Anand Milk Union Limited
ANI : Asian News International
AO : Agriculture Officer
AP : Associated Press
APEC : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
API : Application Programming Interface
APL : Above Poverty Line
APY : Atal Pension Yojana
ARDR : Agricultural and Rural Debt Relief
ARPANET : Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ASEAN : Association of South-East Asian Nations
ASL : Above Sea Level
ASLV : Augmented Satellite Lanunch Vehicle
ASI : Archaeological Survey of India
ATC : Air Traffic Controller
ATM : Automated Teller Machine
AU : African Union
AU : Astronomical Unit
AUDI : Auto Union Deutschland Ingolstadt
AWACS : Airborne Warning and Control System
List of Important Abbreviations
B
BA : Bachelor of Arts
BALCO : Bharat Aluminium Company Limited
BAPS : Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha
BARC : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
BBA : Bachelor of Business Administration
BBC : British Broadcasting Corporation
BBL : Bachelor of Business Law
BBL : Big Bash League
BBMP : Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
BC : Before Christ
BCCI : Board of Control for Cricket in India
BCCL : Bharat Coking Coal Limited
BCG : Bacillus Calmette Guerin
BCSBI : Banking Codes and Standards Board of India
BDO : Block Development Officer
BEd : Bachelor of Education
BEL : Bharat Electronics Limited
BEML : Bharat Earth Movers Limited
BHAVINI : Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited
BHEL : Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
BHIM : Bharat Interface for Money
BHU : Banaras Hindu University
BIC : Business Identifier Code
BIMSTEC : Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
BIOS : Basic Input Output System
BIS : Bureau of Indian Standards
BJD : Biju Janata Dal
BJP : Bharatiya Janata Party
BKS : Bharatiya Kisan Sangh
BL&LRO : Block Land and Land Reforms Officer
BLO : Booth Level Officer
BM : Bench Mark
BMC : Bachelor of Mass Communication
BMC : Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
BMI : Body Mass Index
BMO : Block Medical Officer
BMS : Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
BMR : Basal Metabolic Rate
BMW : Bayerische Motoren Werke / Bavarian Motor Works
BNHS : Bombay Natural History Society
BNS : Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BPCL : Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
BPL : Below Poverty Line
BPO : Business Process Outsourcing
BRICS : Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
BRO : Border Roads Organisation
BRRS : Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba Syndrome
BRS : Bharat Rashtra Samithi
BSc : Bachelor of Science
BSE : Bombay Stock Exchange
BSF : Border Security Force
BSNL : Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
BSP : Bahujan Samaj Party
BVP : Bharat Vikas Parishad
List of Important Abbreviations
C
CAA : Citizenship Amendment Act
C&AG : Comptroller & Auditor General
CABE : Central Advisory Board of Education
CACP : Commission of Agriculture Cost and Price
CAD : Coronary Artery Disease
CAD : Computer Aided Design
CAPART : Council for Peoples Action and Advancement of Rural Technology
CAR : Central African Republic
CARE : Credit Analysis & Research Limited
CARICOM : Caribbean Community
CAT : Common Admission Test
CBD : Convention on Biological Diversity
CBI : Central Bureau of Investigation
CBS : Columbia Broadcasting System
CBS : Core Banking System
CBSE : Central Board of Secondary Education
CBT : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
CBT : Computer Based Test
CC : Carbon Copy
CCC : Customer Care Centre
CCD : Charge-Coupled Device
CCTV : Closed-Circuit Television
CD : Compact Disc
CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access
CD-ROM : Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
CEAT : Cavi Elettrici e Affini Torino
CEO : Chief Executive Officer
CERI : Clean Energy Research Initiative
CFC : Chlorofluorocarbon
CGIAR : Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research
CGL : Combined Graduated Level
CIA : Central Intelligence Agency
CID : Criminal Investigation Department
CIL : Coal India Limited
CINI : Child in Need Institute / Child in Need India
CISF : Central Industrial Security Force
CITES : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
CITU : Centre of Indian Trade Unions
CM : Chief Minister
CMAT : Common Management Admission Test
CMB : Cosmic Microwave Background
CMBR : Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
CME : Coronal Mass Ejection
CMHO : Chief Medical and Health Officer
CNG : Compressed Natural Gas
CN : Cartoon Network
CNN : Cable News Network
CNS : Communication, Navigation and Surveillance
COAS : Chief of the Army Staff
COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand
CONCACAF : Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football
COP : Conference of the Parties
COPD : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COVID : Coronavirus Disease
CP : Commissioner of Police
CPC : Communist Party of China
CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board
CPI : Consumer Price Index
CPI : Communist Party of India
CPI(M) : Communist Party of India (Marxist)
CPU : Central Processing Unit
CRPC : Code of Criminal Procedure
CRPF : Central Reserve Police Force
CRT : Cathode Ray Tube
CS : Cadastral Survey
CSIR : Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CSRI : Cognitive Science Research Initiative
CTBT : Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
CTC : Crush, Tear, Curl
CUET : Common University Entrance Test
CVC : Central Vigilance Commission
List of Important Abbreviations
D
DAP : Development Action Plan
DAP : Di-Ammonium Phosphate
DAV : Dayanand Anglo-Vedic
DBOD : Department of Banking Operations and Development
DBT : Direct Benefit Transfer
DCA : Department of Company Affairs
DD : Doordarshan
DDT : Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro-Ethane
DDU : Destination Delivery Unit
DDUAY : Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana
DDUGJY : Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
DDUGKY : Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
DEMU : Diesel Electrical Multiple Unit
DFO : Divisional Forest Officer
DGP : Director General of Police
DICGC : Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India
DLF : Delhi Land & Finance
DL&LRO : District Land and Land Reforms Officer
DLRS : Director of Land Records and Surveys
DM : District Magistrate
DMDK : Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
DMIC : Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor
DMK : Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
DN : Digital Number
DNA : Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
DNS : Domain Name System
DO : Dissolved Oxygen
DOS : Disk Operating System
DOT : Directly Observed Treatment
DPEP : District Primary Education Programme
DPI : Director of Public Instruction
DPS : Delhi Public School
DRC : Democratic Republic of the Congo
DRDO : Defence Research and Development Organisation
DSLR : Digital Single-LensLimited
DRS : Decision Review System
DSO : Deep-Sky Object
DSP : Deputy Superintendent of Police
DTDC : Desk to Desk Courier & Cargo
DTM : Digital Terrain Model
DVC : Damodar Valley Corporation
DVD : Digital Video Disc / Digital Versatile Disc
List of Important Abbreviations
E
ECG : Electrocardiogram
ECI : Election Commission of India
ECOSOC : United Nations Economic and Social Council
EEE : Exempt Exempt Exempt
EEG : Electroencephalogram
EFA : Education for All
EFTA : European Free Trade Association
EGOM : Empowered Group of Ministers
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
ELISA : Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
EMI : Equated Monthly Instalment
EMR : Electro Magnetic Radiation
EMRS : Ekalavya Model Residential School
EMS : Electro Magnetic Spectrum
EMS : Emergency Medical Services
EMS : Express Mail Service
EMU : Electrical Multiple Unit
ENT : Ear, Nose and Throat
ENVI : Environment for Visualizing Images
EPF : Employees Provident Fund
EPFO : Employees Provident Fund Organisation
EPL : English Premier League
ERNET : Educational and Research Network
EROS : Earth Resource Observation System
ESA : European Space Agency
ESRI : Environmental Systems Research Institute
ESMA : Essential Services Maintenance Act
ESPN : Entertainment and Sports Programming Network
EU : European Union
EWS : Economically Weaker Section
List of Important Abbreviations
F
FAO : Food and Agriculture Organisation
FATF : Financial Action Task Force
FAX : Facsimile
FBI : Federal Bureau of Investigation
FCC : False Colour Composite
FDI : Foreign Direct Investment
FDR : Flight Data Recorder
FEMA : Foreign Exchange Management Act
FERA : Foreign Exchange Regulations Act
FICCI : Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
FIDE : Fédération Internationale des Échecs
FIFA : Fédération Internationale de Football Association
FIR : First Information Report
FLAG : Fibre Optic Link Around the Globe
FM : Frequency Modulated
FSI : Floor Space Index
FSI : Forest Survey of India
FSI : Food Sustainability Index
FSSAI : Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
FTA : Free Trade Agreement
FTP : File Transfer Protocol
FTII : Film and Television Institute of India
List of Important Abbreviations
G
GAGAN : GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation
GAIA : Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics
GAIL : Gas Authority of India Limited
GAP : Ganga Action Plan
GATT : General Agreement on Trade and Tariff
GB : Gigabyte
GB : Governing Body
GBIF : Global Biodiversity Information Facility
GBP : British Pound Sterling
GCC : Gulf Cooperation Council
GCC : Greater Chennai Corporation
GD : General Diary
GDI : Gender Development Index
GDP : Gross Domestic Product
GEF : Global Environment Fund
GEM : Gender Empowerment Measure
GEO : Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit
GHMC : Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
GIC : General Insurance Corporation
GIF : Graphics Interchange Format
GII : Gender Inequality Index
GIS : Geographic Information System
GIST : Graphics and Intelligence-based Script Technology
GKRA : Gareeb Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan
GMO : Genetically Modified Organism
GMT : Greenwich Mean Time
GNP : Gross National Product
GNSS : Global Navigation Satellite System
GNW : Gross National Well-being
GOES : Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
GOI : Government of India
GOOGLE : Global Organisation of Oriented Group Language of Earth
GPO : General Post Office
GPP : Gross Primary Production
GPS : Global Positioning System
GRB : Gamma-Ray Burst
GSI : Geological Survey of India
GSLV : Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
GSM : Global System for Mobile Communication
GST : Goods and Service Tax
H
HAL : Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
HAM : Hindustani Awam Morcha
HAND : Have A Nice Day
HBO : Home Box Office
HCF : Highest Common Factor
HCFC : Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HCL : Hindustan Computers Limited
HD : High Definition
HDD : Hard Disk Drive
HDFC : Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited
HDI : Human Development Index
HDR : High Dynamic Range
HDR : Human Development Report
HGTV : Home & Garden Television
HIDCO : Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation
HIYSP : Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy
HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HJM : Hindu Jagran Manch
HMT : Hindustan Machine Tools
HPCL : Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
HPI : Happy Planet Index
HPI : Human Poverty Index
HRIDAY : Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana
HSBC : Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
HSR : High-Speed Rail
HST : Hubble Space Telescope
HTML : HyperText Markup Language
HTTP : HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTPS : HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
HUDCO : Housing & Urban Development Corporation
HWM : Hazardous Waste Management
List of Important Abbreviations
I
IAF : Indian Air Force
IAS : Indian Administrative Service
IAAS : Indian Audit and Accounts Service
IADF : International Agricultural Development Fund
IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency
IASB : International Accounting Standards Board
IATA : International Air Transport Association
IAU : International Astronomical Union
IB : Intelligence Bureau
IBA : International Badminton Federation
IBA : Important Bird Area
IBAN : International Bank Account Number
IBF : Indian Boxing Federation
IBM : International Business Machines Corporation
IBPS : Institute of Banking Personnel Selection
IBRD : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IC : Integrated Circuit
IC : Inspector-in-Charge
ICAO : International Civil Aviation Organization
ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICBM : Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
ICC : International Cricket Council
ICDS : Integrated Child Development Services
ICES : International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
ICICI : Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
ICJ : International Court of Justice
ICMR : Indian Council of Medical Research
ICRS : International Celestial Reference System
ICSE : Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
ICT : Information and Communications Technology
IDBI : Industrial Development Bank of India
IDF : Israel Defense Forces
IDFC : Infrastructure Development Finance Company Limited
IDK : I Don’t Know
IDL : International Date Line
IEA : International Energy Agency
IFA : Indian Football Association
IFAD : International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC : International Finance Corporation
IFOV : Instantaneous Field of View
IFSC : Indian Financial System Code
IFTU : International Federation of Trade Unions
IG : Inspector General
IGNOU : Indira Gandhi National Open University
IHO : International Hydrographic Organization
IIFA : International Indian Film Academy
IIM : Indian Institutes of Management
IIT : Indian Institutes of Technology
ILO : International Labour Organization
IMA : Indian Medical Association
IMAGE : Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration
IMF : International Monetary Fund
IMO : International Maritime Organization
INBAR : International Bamboo and Rattan Organization
INC : Indian National Congress
INDIA : Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
INLD : Indian National Lok Dal
INR : Indian Rupee
INS : Indian Navy Ship
INSAT : Indian National Satellite System
INTEL : Integrated Electronics
INTUC : Indian National Trade Union Congress
IOA : Indian Olympic Association
IOC : International Olympic Committee
IOCL : Indian Oil Corporation Limited
IP : Internet Protocol
IPC : Indian Penal Code
IPCC : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPL : Indian Premier League
IPPB : India Post Payments Bank
IPS : Indian Police Service
IR : Infrared
IRCTC : Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation
IREDA : Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency
IRENA : International Renewable Energy Agency
IRIS : Integrated Radar Imaging System
IRNSS : Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
IRS : Indian Revenue Service
IRS : Indian Remote Sensing
ISD : International Subscriber Dialing
ISKCON : International Society for Krishna Consciousness
ISL : Indian Super League
ISM : Inter-Stellar Medium
ISO : International Standardisation Organisation
ISP : Internet Service Provider
ISRO : Indian Space Research Organisation
ISS : International Space Station
IST : Indian Standard Time
IT : Income Tax
IT : Information Technology
ITBP : Indo-Tibetan Border Police
ITDC : Indian Tourism Development Corporation
ITI : Industrial Training Institute
ITU : International Telecommunication Union
IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature
J
JAXA : Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
JCB : Joseph Cyril Bamford Excavators Limited
JD(S) : Janata Dal (Secular)
JD(U) : Janata Dal (United)
JEE : Joint Entrance Examination
JFM : Joint Forest Management
JKNC : Jammu and Kashmir National Conference
JKPDP : Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
JMM : Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
JNU : Jawaharlal Nehru University
JPC : Joint Parliamentary Committee
JPEG : Joint Photographic Experts Group
JPL : Jet Propulsion Laboratory
JSW : Jindal South West
JSY : Janani Suraksha Yojana
List of Important Abbreviations
K
KB : Kilobyte
KB : Khanapuri Bujharat
KBC : Kaun Banega Crorepati
KBO : Kuiper Belt Object
KCC : Kisan Credit Card
KFC : Kentucky Fried Chicken
KGB : Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti
KGBV : Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya
KISS : Keep It Simple, Stupid
KMC : Kolkata Municipal Corporation
KMDA : Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority
KPO : Knowledge Process Outsourcing
KTC : Kadamba Transport Corporation
KTM : Kraftfahrzeug Trunkenpolz Mattighofen / Kronreif & Trunkenpolz Mattighofen
KVIC : Khadi & Village Industries Commission
KVS : Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan
KYC : Know Your Customer
L
LAC : Line of Actual Control
LAN : Local Area Network
LASER : Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LBW : Leg Before Wicket
LCD : Liquid-Crystal Display
LCF : Lowest Common Factor
LED : Light-Emitting Diode
LGBTQ : Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer/Questioning
LIC : Life Insurance Corporation of India
LIDAR : Light Detection and Ranging
LIGO : Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
LJP : Lok Janshakti Party
LLB : Legum Baccalaures / Bachelor of Laws
LLP : Limited Liability Partnership
LMC : Large Magellanic Cloud
LMG : Light Machine Gun
LNG : Liquefied Natural Gas
LOC : Line of Control
LOL : Laughing Out Loud
LOP : Leader of the Opposition
LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LR : Land Reforms
LRO : Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
LSD : Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
LTE : Long-Term Evolution
LTTE : Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
LULC : Land-Use Land-Cover
LVL : Low Velocity Layer
M
MA : Master of Arts
MAM : Mata Amritanandamayi Math
MAVEN : Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution
MAT : Management Aptitude Test
MB : Megabyte
MBA : Master of Business Administration
MBBS : Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
MCC : Marylebone Cricket Club
MCD : Municipal Corporation of Delhi
MCGM : Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
MDG : Millennium Development Goals
MEd : Master of Education
MESSENGER : Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging
MFN : Most Favoured Nation
MGC : Mekong–Ganga Cooperation
MGNREGA : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
MGR : Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran
MICR : Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
MIT : Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MLA : Member of the Legislative Assembly
MLB : Major League Baseball
MMG : Medium Machine Gun
MMS : Multimedia Messaging Service
MMTC : Metals and Minerals Trading Corporation of India Limited
MNS : Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
MO : Money Order
MOM : Mars Orbiter Mission
MP : Member of Parliament
MPI : Multidimensional Poverty Index
MPLADS : Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme
MRF : Madras Rubber Factory
MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRPL : Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited
MRTS : Mass Rapid Transit System
MSc : Master of Science
MSME : Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
MSSC : Mahila Samman Savings Certificate
MTCR : Missile Technology Control Regime
MTNL : Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
MTO : Multilateral Trade Organisation
List of Important Abbreviations
N
NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NACC : National Assessment and Accreditation Council
NAEP : National Adult Education Programme
NAFED : National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited
NAFTA : North American Free Trade Agreement
NALCO : National Aluminium Company Limited
NAM : Non-Aligned Movement
NAPCC : National Action Plan for Climate Change
NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NAVIC : Navigation with Indian Constellation
NBA : National Basketball Association
NBC : National Broadcasting Company
NCC : National Cadet Corps
NCERT : National Council of Education Research And Training
NCP : Nationalist Congress Party
NCPCR : National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
NCR : National Capital Region
NCRTC : National Capital Region Transport Corporation
NCS : National Career Service
NCT : National Capital Territory
NCTE : National Council for Teacher Education
NDA : National Democratic Alliance
NDB : New Development Bank
NDC : National Development Council
NDMI : Normalised Difference Moisture Index
NDTV : New Delhi Television Limited
NDVI : Normalised Difference Vegetation Index
NEC : Nippon Electric Company
NEET : National Eligibility Entrance Test
NEFT : National Electronic Fund Transfer
NEO : Near-Earth Object
NEP: National Education Policy
NFDC : National Film Development Corporation
NFL : National Fertilizers Limited
NGO : Non-Governmental Organisation
NGP : Namami Gange Programme
NGT : National Green Tribunal
NH : National Highway
NHAI : National Highways Authority of India
NHDP : National Highways Development Project
NHM : National Health Mission
NHRC : National Human Rights Commission
NIA : National Investigation Agency
NIC : National Informatics Centre
NIFT : National Institute of Fashion Technology
NIR : Near-Infrared
NIRF : National Institutional Ranking Framework
NIT : National Institutes of Technology
NMCG : National Mission for Clean Ganga
NOAA : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NP : National Park
NPCI : National Payments Corporation of India
NPF : Naga People’s Front
NPP : National People’s Party
NPP : Net Primary Production
NRC : National Register of Citizens
NRI : Non-Resident Indian
NRSA : National Remote Sensing Agency
NSC : National Statistical Commission
NSD : National School of Drama
NSE : National Stock Exchange
NSS : National Service Scheme
NSSO : National Sample Survey Organisation
NTA : National Testing Agency
NTEP : National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme
NTPC : National Thermal Power Corporation
NTR : Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao
NWDA : National Water Development Agency
NWRC : National Water Resources Council
List of Important Abbreviations
O
OAS : Organization of American States
OBC : Other Backward Class
OC : Officer-in-Charge
ODF : Open Document Format
ODI : One Day International
ODS : Ozone Depletion Substances
OECD : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OED : Oxford English Dictionary
OIC : Organisation of Islamic Countries
OIL : Oil India Limited
OLTAS : On-Line Tax Accounting System
OMG : Oh My God / Oh My Goodness
OMR : Optical Mark Recognition
ONGC : Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
ONOS : One Nation One Subscription
OPEC : Organisation Of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OS : Operating System
OSCE : Organisation For Security And Cooperation In Europe
OSD : Officer on Special Duty
OT : Operation Theatre
OTP : One-Time Password
OTT : Over-the-Top Television
OVF : Open Virtualization Format
OVF : Optical View Finder
List of Important Abbreviations
P
PAC : Public Accounts Committee
PAN : Permanent Account Number
PAN : Peroxyacyl Nitrate
PB : Prasar Bharati
PCB : Polychlorinated Biphenyl
PCI : Per Capita Income
PCO : Public Call Office
PDF : Portable Document Format
PDS : Public Distribution System
PETA : People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
PFDF : Pooled Finance Development Fund
PGA : Professional Golfers’ Association
pH : Potential of Hydrogen
PhD : Doctor of Philosophy
PHP : Personal Home Page / Hypertext Preprocessor
PIB : Press Information Bureau
PIL : Public Interest Litigation
PIN : Postal Index Number
PIO : Persons Of Indian Origin
PIXEL : Picture Element
PLA : People’s Liberation Army
PM : Post Meridiem
PM : Prime Minister
PM-AASHA : Pradhan Mantri-Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan
PM-AGY : Pradhan Mantri-Adarsh Gram Yojana
PM-AY—G : Pradhan Mantri-Aawas Yojana — Gramin
PM-AY—U : Pradhan Mantri-Aawas Yojana — Urban
PM-BJP : Pradhan Mantri-Bharatiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana
PM-FBY : Pradhan Mantri-Fasal Bima Yojana
PM-GSY : Pradhan Mantri-Gram Sadak Yojana
PM-JJBY : Pradhan Mantri-Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
PM-JVK : Pradhan Mantri-Jan Vikas Karyakaram
PM-KISAN : Pradhan Mantri-Kisan Samman Nidhi
PM-KSY : Pradhan Mantri-Krishi Sinchai Yojana
PM-KUSUM : Pradhan Mantri-Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan
PM-KVY : Pradhan Mantri-Kaushal Vikas Yojana
PM-MYV : Pradhan Mantri-Matru Vandana Yojana
PM-SBY : Pradhan Mantri-Suraksha Bima Yojana
PM-SYM : Pradhan Mantri-Shram Yogi Maandhan
PMO : Prime Minister Office
PM-UY : Pradhan Mantri-Ujjwala Yojana
PNB : Punjab National Bank
PNG : Portable Network Graphics
PO : Post Office
POSA : Post Office Savings Account
POW : Prisoner of War
PPF : Public Provident Fund
PPO : Pension Payment Order
PPP : Public-Private Partnership
PPT : Parts Per Thousand
PPT : Power Point Presentation
PRC : People’s Republic of China
PRO : Public Relations Officer
PSC : Public Service Commission
PSE : Public Sector Enterprise
PSG : Paris Saint-Germain
PSLV : Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
PSU : Public Sector Undertaking
PTA : Preferential Trade Area
PTI : Press Trust of India
PTO : Please Turn Over
PTSD : Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
PUFA : Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
PURSE : Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence
PVC : Param Vir Chakra
PVSM : Param Vishisht Seva Medal
PWD : Public Works Department
Q
QA : Quality Assurance
QED : Quantum Electrodynamics
QGIS : Quantum Geographic Information System
QR : Quantitative Restriction
QSO : Quasi-Stellar Object
QUAD : Quadrilateral Security Dialogue
List of Important Abbreviations
R
RAC : Reservation Against Cancellation
R&AW : Research and Analysis Wing
RBI : Reserve Bank Of India
R&D : Research and Development
RADAR : Radio Detection and Ranging
RAF : Rapid Action Force
RAF : Royal Air Force
RAM : Random Access Memory
RDX : Research Department Explosive / Royal Demolition Explosive
REDD+ : Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
RF : Representative Fraction
RGB : Red Green Blue
RGSEAG : Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls
RI : Revenue Inspector
RIDF : Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
RINL : Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
RJD : Rashtriya Janata Dal
RKM : Ramakrishna Mission
RLO : Returned Letter Office
RMB : Renminbi
RNA : Ribo Nucleic Acid
RO : Revenue Officer
ROC : Republic of China
ROM : Read-Only Memory
ROR : Record of Rights
RPF : Railway Protection Force
RPO : Recruitment Process Outsourcing
RRPI : Rural Retail Price Index
RRTS : Regional Rapid Transit System
RS : Revisional Settlement
RSBY : Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
RSETI : Rural Self Employment Training Institute
RSP : Revolutionary Socialist Party
RSS : Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
RTE : Right to Education
RTI : Right to Information
RTGS : Real Time Gross Settlement
RUSA : Rashtriya Uchchattar Shiksha Abhiyan
S
SAARC : South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SAD : Shiromani Akali Dal
SAFTA : South Asian Free Trade Area
SAGY : Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
SAI : Sports Authority of India
SAIL : Steel Authority of India Limited
SAPTA : SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement
SAR : Synthetic Aperture Radar
SARDP : Special Accelerated Road Development Programme
SARS : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SBI : State Bank of India
SC : Scheduled Caste
SCAT : Sport Concussion Assessment Tool
SCO : Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
SCOPE : Standing Conference of Public Enterprises
SCUBA : Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
SDG : Sustainable Development Goals
SDL&LRO : Sub-Divisional Land and Land Reforms Officer
SDO : Sub Divisional Officer
SEATO : Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation
SEBI : Securities and Exchange Board of India
SECI : Solar Energy Corporation of India
SENSEX : Stock Exchange Sensitive Index
SETI : Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
SEWA : Self-Employed Women’s Association
SEZ : Special Economic Zone
SH : State Highway
SIDBI : Small Industries Development Bank of India
SLR : Single-Lens Reflex
SLST : State Level Selection Test
SMART : Specific, Measurable, Assignable, Realistic, Time-related
SMC : Small Magellanic Cloud
SMS : Short Message Service
SOB : Shortness of Breath
SOFIA : Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy
SOHO : Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
SOI : Survey of India
SP : Superintendent of Police
SPCB : State Pollution Control Board
SPES : School of Philosophy and Economic Science
SPG : Special Protection Group
SPIN : Software Process Improvement Network
SPOT : Scientific Programmer’s Object Toolkit
SPOT : Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre
SPV : Solar Photo Voltaic
SQUID : Superconducting Quantum Interference Device
SSA : Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
SSB : Sashastra Seema Bal
SSI : Small-Scale Industry
SSN : Social Security Number
SSP : Senior Superintendent of Police
SSSIO : Sri Sathya Sai International Organization
ST : Scheduled Tribe
STARS : Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station
START : Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
STD : Sexually Transmitted Disease
STD : Subscriber Trunk Dialling
STEP : Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Park
STH : Somatotropin Hormone
SVR : Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki
SWIFT : Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication
T
TAAI : Travel Agents Association of India
TADA : Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act
TB : Tuberculosis
TB : Terabyte
TBA : To Be Announced
TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
TCS : Tata Consultancy Services
TDC : Transport Development Council
TDP : Telugu Desam Party
TDS : Tax Deducted at Source
TELCO : Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
TELEX : Teleprinter Exchange
TERCOM : Terrain Contour Matching
TESS : Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
TET : Teacher Eligibility Test
TFT : Thin Film Transistor
TIFF : Tag Image File Format
TIFR : Tata Institute Of Fundamental Research
TIN : Tax Information Network
TIN : Triangulated Irregular Network
TISCO : Tata Iron and Steel Company
TLR : Twin-Lens Reflex
TLV : Threshold Limit Value
TM : Thematic Mapper
TM : Trade Mark
TMP : Tipra Motha Party
TMT : Thermo-Mechanically Treated
TNO : Trans-Neptunian Object
TNT : Trinitrotoluene
TRAI : Telecom Regulatory Authority Of India
TRIPS : Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
TRP : Television Rating Point
TTE : Travelling Ticket Examiner
TTFI : Table Tennis Federation of India
TTS : Track And Trace System
TVS : Thirukkurungudi Vengaram Sundram
List of Important Abbreviations
U
UAE : United Arab Emirates
UAV : Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
UCC : Uniform Civil Code
UDAN-RCS : Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik-Regional Connectivity Scheme
UEFA : Union of European Football Associations
UFO : Unidentified Flying Object
UGC : University Grants Commission
UGC—NET : University Grants Commission–National Eligibility Test
UJALA : Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All
UK : United Kingdom
ULFA : United Liberation Front of Asom
UN : United Nations
UNCDF : United Nations Capital Development Fund
UNCTD : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP : United Nations Development Programme
UNDRR : United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
UNEF : United Nations Emergency Force
UNEP : United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNFPA : United Nations Population Fund
UNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees
UNHRC : United Nations Human Rights Council
UNI : United News of India
UNICEF : United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
UNIDO : United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
UNODC : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNRRA : United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
UPA : United Progressive Alliance
UPI : United Press International
UPI : Unified Payments Interface
UPS : Uninterrupted Power Supply
UPSC : Union Public Service Commission
UPU : Universal Postal Union
URL : Uniform Resource Locator
US / USA : United States / United States of America
USAID : United States Agency for International Development
USB : Universal Serial Bus
USD : United States Dollar
USGS : United States Geological Survey
USP : Unique Selling Proposition / Unique Selling Point
USSR : Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
UT : Union Territory
UTC : Coordinated Universal Time
UV : Ultraviolet
UVP : Unique Value Proposition
UTM : Universal Transverse Mercator
V
VAT : Value-Added Tax
VC : Vice Chancellor
VEEGA : Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist
VGA : Video Graphics Array
VHF : Very High Frequency
VHP : Vishva Hindu Parishad
VIP : Very Important Person
VISTA : Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy
VIRUS : Vital Information Resources Under Siege
VOC : Volatile Organic Compounds
VOIP : Voice Over Internet Protocol
VP : Vice President
VPN : Virtual Private Network
VPP : Value Payable Parcel
VRP : Village Resource Person
VRS : Voluntary RetirementProtocol
VVIP : Very Very Important Person
W
WADA : World Anti-Doping Agency
WAN : Wide Area Network
WAP : Wireless Application Protocol
WAVE : Wireless Access for Virtual Enterprise
WBG : World Bank Group
WCO : World Customs Organization
WEF : World Economic Forum
WFP : World Food Programme
WFTU : World Federation of Trade Union
WGIG : Working Group on Internet Governance
WHO : World Health Organization
WHR : World Happiness Report
Wi-Fi : Wireless Fidelity
WIPO : World Intellectual Property Organisation
WIPRO : Western India Palm Refined Oils Limited
WIRE : Wide Field Infrared Explorer
WL : Waiting List
WLS : Wildlife Sanctuary
WMO : World Meteorological Organisation
WTO: World Trade Organisation
WWE : World Wrestling Entertainment
WWF : World Wide Fund for Nature
WWF : World Wrestling Federation
WWW : World Wide Web
List of Important Abbreviations
X
XBML : Extended Business Modelling Language
XBRL : Extensible Business Reporting Language
XHTML : Extensible HyperText Markup Language
XML : Extensible Markup Language
XNA : Xeno Nucleic Acid
XSL : Extensible Stylesheet Language
Y
YA : Yet Another
YOY : Year Over Year
YRR : Young, Restless and Reformed
YSG : Yellow Super-Giant
YSRCP : Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party
YTD : Year-to-Date
YTM : Yield to Maturity
Z
ZIP : Zone Improvement Plan
ZIRP : Zero Interest-Rate Policy
ZOPFAN : Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality
ZPG : Zero Population Growth
ZUI : Zooming User Interface
List of Important Abbreviations
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